centos笔记
大约 5 分钟
centos笔记
运行centos8容器
docker pull registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/pythonschool/pythonschool:centos
docker tag d2f4318c4278 pythonschool:centos8
docker run -dit -p 800:80 -p 8443:443 -p 1022:22 -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL\_ROOT\_PASSWORD=123456 --privileged=true --name=centos8 pythonschool:centos8 /usr/sbin/init
docker exec -it centos8 /bin/bash
Waiting for process with pid 53 to finish.
ps uax | grep 53
kill -9 53
更新yum源为阿里云
// 安装wget
yum install wget -y
// 备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Base.repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo.backup
// 下载aliyun的yum源配置文件
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
// 运行yum makecache生成缓存
yum makecache
// 更新yum
yum update -y
SSH免密码登录
// 安装vim
yum install vim -y
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#Port 22
PermitRootLogin yes
// centos8修改密码
yum install -y passwd
passwd root [root]
// 安装ssh工具
yum install -y openssl openssh-server openssh-clients.x86_64
systemctl status sshd
systemctl restart sshd
// 生成密钥
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "centos8"
// 将本地公钥上传到服务器的用户目录
scp -P 1022 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@localhost:~
// 将本地公钥添加到服务器已认证密钥中
cat ~/id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
安装php73
// 安装EPEL YUM源
yum install epel-release yum-utils -y
// 会对系统类型安装相应的包
yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-8.rpm -y
// 查看yum的php信息
yum info php
// 安装php73
yum install php73-php-fpm php73-php-xml php73-php-cli php73-php-gd php73-php-json php73-php-mysql php73-php-sqlite3 php73-php-bz2 php73-php-mbstring php73-php-zip -y
// 开启php服务
systemctl enable php73-php-fpm.service
systemctl restart php73-php-fpm.service
// 查找文件名包括php73的文件名
find / -name php73*
安装git
// 安装git
yum install git -y
安装composer
// composer镜像下载
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/composer.phar
// 添加软链接
yum install which -y
which php73
link /usr/bin/php73 /usr/local/bin/php
# 测试composer是否安装成功
php composer.phar about
# 加入本地全局命令
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
# 增加本地composer执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/composer
安装nginx
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
# nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
// 查看yum的nginx信息
yum info nginx
// 安装nginx
yum install nginx -y
// 启动nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl restart nginx
// 查看网站路径
cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf | egrep '^[ ]+root'
安装redis
// 安装redis
yum -y install redis
// 启动redis
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis
安装mysql8
// mysql8源地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=489467
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
// 安装mysql8数据源
yum install mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm -y
// 查看数据源
yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
// 禁用CentOS8自带mysql模块,否则会提示被模块过滤掉
yum module disable -y mysql
// 安装mysql
yum install mysql-community-server -y
// 开启mysql
service mysqld start
/bin/systemctl start mysqld.service
// 查看mysql的状态
service mysqld status
// 关闭mysql
service mysqld stop
/bin/systemctl stop mysqld.service
mysql8修改密码
// 显示mysql的随机密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
// 登录mysql
mysql -u root -p
// 先修改成"Moments_2021",满足它的策略
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Moments_2021';
// 查看密码策略
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
// 修改密码长度：
set global validate_password.length=6;
// 修改密码等级：
set global validate_password.policy=0;
// 设置成自己想要的密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
validate_password_policy
| Policy | Tests Performed |
|---|---|
| 0 or LOW | Length |
| 1 or MEDIUM | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters |
| 2 or STRONG | Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file |
配置远程登录用户
// 删除用户
drop user 'Moments'@'%';
// 创建用户并设置密码
create user 'Moments'@'%' identified by '123456';
// 权限配置
grant all privileges on *.* to 'Moments'@'%' with grant option;
// 权限配置项立即生效
flush privileges;
MySQL said: Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xxxx' (60)
可能是阿里云的3306端口没有开放
MySQL said: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded
// 更改加密方式为mysql_native_password
alter user 'Moments'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
// 权限配置项立即生效
flush privileges;
web服务器配置
yum install -y sudo
Linux支持的信号列表
| 信号 | 取值 | 默认动作 | 含义（发出信号的原因） |
|---|---|---|---|
| SIGHUP | 1 | Term | 终端的挂断或进程死亡 |
| SIGINT | 2 | Term | 来自键盘的中断信号 |
| SIGQUIT | 3 | Core | 来自键盘的离开信号 |
| SIGILL | 4 | Core | 非法指令 |
| SIGABRT | 6 | Core | 来自abort的异常信号 |
| SIGFPE | 8 | Core | 浮点例外 |
| SIGKILL | 9 | Term | 杀死 |
| SIGSEGV | 11 | Core | 段非法错误(内存引用无效) |
| SIGPIPE | 13 | Term | 管道损坏：向一个没有读进程的管道写数据 |
| SIGALRM | 14 | Term | 来自alarm的计时器到时信号 |
| SIGTERM | 15 | Term | 终止 |
| SIGUSR1 | 30,10,16 | Term | 用户自定义信号1 |
| SIGUSR2 | 31,12,17 | Term | 用户自定义信号2 |
| SIGCHLD | 20,17,18 | Ign | 子进程停止或终止 |
| SIGCONT | 19,18,25 | Cont | 如果停止，继续执行 |
| SIGSTOP | 17,19,23 | Stop | 非来自终端的停止信号 |
| SIGTSTP | 18,20,24 | Stop | 来自终端的停止信号 |
| SIGTTIN | 21,21,26 | Stop | 后台进程读终端 |
| SIGTTOU | 22,22,27 | Stop | 后台进程写终端 |
| SIGBUS | 10,7,10 | Core | 总线错误（内存访问错误） |
| SIGPOLL | Term | Pollable事件发生(Sys V)，与SIGIO同义 | |
| SIGPROF | 27,27,29 | Term | 统计分布图用计时器到时 |
| SIGSYS | 12,-,12 | Core | 非法系统调用(SVr4) |
| SIGTRAP | 5 | Core | 跟踪/断点自陷 |
| SIGURG | 16,23,21 | Ign | socket紧急信号(4.2BSD) |
| SIGVTALRM | 26,26,28 | Term | 虚拟计时器到时(4.2BSD) |
| SIGXCPU | 24,24,30 | Core | 超过CPU时限(4.2BSD) |
| SIGXFSZ | 25,25,31 | Core | 超过文件长度限制(4.2BSD) |
| SIGIOT | 6 | Core | IOT自陷，与SIGABRT同义 |
| SIGEMT | 7,-,7 | Term | |
| SIGSTKFLT | -,16,- | Term | 协处理器堆栈错误(不使用) |
| SIGIO | 23,29,22 | Term | 描述符上可以进行I/O操作 |
| SIGCLD | -,-,18 | Ign | 与SIGCHLD同义 |
| SIGPWR | 29,30,19 | Term | 电力故障(System V) |
| SIGINFO | 29,-,- | 与SIGPWR同义 | |
| SIGLOST | -,-,- | Term | 文件锁丢失 |
| SIGWINCH | 28,28,20 | Ign | 窗口大小改变(4.3BSD, Sun) |
| SIGUNUSED | -,31,- | Term | 未使用信号(will be SIGSYS) |